USPAS Program
Sponsoring University:
Stony Brook University
Course:
Beam Physics with Intense Space Charge
Instructors:
John Barnard and Steve Lund, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Purpose and Audience
The purpose of this course is to provide a comprehensive introduction
to the physics of beams with intense space charge. This course
is suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in
accelerator systems that require sufficient high intensity where
mutual particle interactions in the beam can no longer be
neglected.
Prerequisites
Undergraduate level Electricity and Magnetism and Classical
Mechanics. Some familiarity with plasma physics, special
relativity, and basic accelerator physics is strongly recommended.
It is the responsibility of the student to ensure that he or she meets the course prerequisites or has equivalent experience.
Objectives
This course is intended to give the student a broad overview of the
dynamics of beams with strong space charge. The emphasis is on
theoretical and analytical methods of describing the acceleration and
transport of beams. Some aspects of numerical and experimental
methods will also be covered. Students will become familiar with
standard methods employed to understand the transverse and
longitudinal evolution of beams with strong space charge. The
material covered will provide a foundation to design practical
architectures.
Instructional Method
Lectures will be given during morning sessions, followed by
afternoon discussion sessions, which will engage the student on the
material covered in lecture. Daily problem sets will be assigned that
will be expected to be completed outside of scheduled class
sessions. Problem sets will generally be due the morning of the
next lecture session. A final take home exam will be given on
the second Thursday, and will cover the contents of the entire course.
Two instructors will be available for guidance during evening
homework sessions.
Course Content
In this course, we will introduce you to the physics of intense
charged particle beams, focusing on the role of space charge.
The topics include: particle equations of motion, the paraxial
ray equation, and the Vlasov equation; 4-D and 2-D
equilibrium distribution functions (such as the
Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij, thermal equilibrium, and Neuffer
distributions), reduced moment and envelope equation formulations of
beam evolution; transport limits and focusing methods; the
concept of emittance and the calculation of its growth from mismatches
in beam envelope and from space-charge non-uniformities using system
conservation constraints; the role of space-charge in producing
beam halos; longitudinal space-charge effects including small
amplitude and rarefaction waves; stable and unstable oscillation modes
of beams (including envelope and kinetic modes); the role of
space charge in the injector; and algorithms to calculate space-charge
effects in particle codes. Examples of intense beams will be
given primarily from the ion and proton accelerator communities
with applications from, for example, heavy-ion fusion,
spallation neutron sources, nuclear waste transmutation, etc.
Reading Requirements
Extensive class notes will be provided that will serve as the primary reference. (To be provided by the USPAS)
"The Theory and Design of Charged Particle Beams" Second Edition,
Updated and Expanded by Martin Reiser, Wiley & Sons 2008.
Credit Requirements
Students will be evaluated based on performance: final exam (20 % of
course grade), homework assignments (80 % of course grade).
Stony Brook University course: PHY 546
IU/USPAS course: Physics 571